Cuarentena y bioseguridad: Primera barrera contra enfermedades en tilapia
Palabras clave:
Acuicultura, Prevención de enfermedades, Cuarentena, Sanidad animal
Resumen
La tilapia es una de las especies acuícolas más importantes a nivel mundial; sin embargo, su producción enfrenta constantes desafíos sanitarios asociados a la introducción y propagación de enfermedades causadas por parásitos, bacterias y virus. Estos agentes pueden afectar la salud de los peces, disminuir el rendimiento productivo y generar importantes pérdidas económicas. Entre las medidas de bioseguridad utilizadas para reducir estos riesgos, la cuarentena representa una de las herramientas preventivas más importantes, ya que permite mantener a los organismos recién ingresados en aislamiento temporal para evaluar su estado sanitario antes de incorporarlos a los sistemas de cultivo. Durante este periodo es posible detectar enfermedades, observar signos clínicos, realizar pruebas diagnósticas y establecer medidas sanitarias oportunas para reducir el riesgo de introducción y diseminación de agentes patógenos. Asimismo, la cuarentena facilita la adaptación de los peces a las nuevas condiciones de cultivo, disminuye el estrés asociado al transporte y fortalece la prevención de brotes infecciosos dentro de las unidades de producción. A pesar de su importancia, existe información limitada sobre la implementación de protocolos de cuarentena en el cultivo de tilapia en México. Por ello, este trabajo resalta la relevancia de la cuarentena como una de las primeras barreras de bioseguridad para fortalecer la sanidad, sostenibilidad y productividad de la acuicultura de tilapia.
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Abdi, A. K., Pavanasam, N., Rufael, T., Bedewi, Z., Urgesa, T. A., Kassa, N. (2024). An experimental infection of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its effects on hematology and histopathology of Nile tilapia, Ethiopia. Research Square [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4880553/v1
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Arthur, J. R., Bondad-Reantaso, M. G., Baldock, F. C., Rodgers, C. J. y Edgerton, B. F. (2004). Manual on risk analysis for the safe movement of aquatic animals (FWG/01/2002). APEC/DoF/NACA/FAO, Bangkok, Thailand, 59 pp.
Arthur, J. R., Baldock, C. F., Bondad-Reantaso, M. G., Perera, R., Ponia, B., & Rodgers, C. J. (2008). Pathogen risk analysis for biosecurity and the management of live aquatic animal movements (pp. 21–52). En M. G. Bondad-Reantaso, C. V. Mohan, M. Crumlish, & R. P. Subasinghe (Eds.), Diseases in Asian Aquaculture VI. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. file:///Users/ameliaparedestrujillo/Downloads/02.pdf
Assefa, A., Abunna, F. (2018). Maintenance of fish health in aquaculture: Review of epidemiological approaches for prevention and control of infectious disease of fish. Veterinary Medicine International, 10 p. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5432497
Ávila-Castillo, R., Del Río-Rodríguez, R., Mendoza-Carranza, M. Paredes-Trujillo, A. (2024). Cichlidogyrosis in tropical aquaculture: Pathological effects and infection dynamics in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, a case study in Campeche, Mexico. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2024.2419843
Baron, D., Mittal, R. K., Rathore, G., Patra, B. C. (2017). Influence of incubation time on antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus isolated from fish. Aquaculture, 468, 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.010
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Bunpote, T., Sangsuriya, P., Senapin, S., Dong, H. T., Rodkhum, C., Kondo, H. (2022). Immunoproteomic identification of OmpA with potential stimulation of serum-specific antibody in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its ability to protect against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. Aquaculture Research, 53(17), 6000–6011. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.16091
CONAPESCA. (2017). Peces ornamentales, un negocio con amplias perspectivas de desarrollo en México. https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/articulos/peces-ornamentales-un-negocio
Dias, M. K. R., Sampaio, L. S., Proietti-Junior, A. A., Yoshioka, E. T. O., Rodrigues, D. P., Rodriguez, A. F. R., Ribeiro, R. A., Faria, F. S. E. D. V., Ozório, R. O. A., & Tavares-Dias, M. (2016). Lethal dose and clinical signs of Aeromonas hydrophila in Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), the giant fish from Amazon. Veterinary Microbiology, 188, 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.04.001
Dong, H. T., Nguyen, V. V., Le, H. D., Sangsuriya, P., Jitrakorn, S., Saksmerprome, V., Senapin, S., Rodkhum, C. (2015). Naturally concurrent infections of bacterial and viral pathogens in disease outbreaks in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms. Aquaculture, 448, 427–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.06.027
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Hadiroseyani, Y., Sudrajat, A. O., Yuhana, M. (2009). Identification and control of monogenean parasites on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using salt. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 8(1), 13–22. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jai/article/view/4096
Hoai, T. D. (2020). Reproductive strategies of parasitic flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): The impact on parasite management in aquaculture. Aquaculture International, 28(1), 421–447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00471-6
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Jansen, M. D., Dong, H. T., Mohan, C. V. (2019). Tilapia lake virus: A threat to the global tilapia industry? Reviews in Aquaculture, 11(3), 725–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12254
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Matthews, R. A. (2005). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet and ichthyophthiriosis in freshwater teleosts. Advances in Parasitology, 59, 159–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(05)59003-1
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Ávila-Castillo, R., Del Río-Rodríguez, R., Mendoza-Carranza, M. Paredes-Trujillo, A. (2024). Cichlidogyrosis in tropical aquaculture: Pathological effects and infection dynamics in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, a case study in Campeche, Mexico. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2024.2419843
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Bunpote, T., Sangsuriya, P., Senapin, S., Dong, H. T., Rodkhum, C., Kondo, H. (2022). Immunoproteomic identification of OmpA with potential stimulation of serum-specific antibody in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its ability to protect against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. Aquaculture Research, 53(17), 6000–6011. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.16091
CONAPESCA. (2017). Peces ornamentales, un negocio con amplias perspectivas de desarrollo en México. https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/articulos/peces-ornamentales-un-negocio
Dias, M. K. R., Sampaio, L. S., Proietti-Junior, A. A., Yoshioka, E. T. O., Rodrigues, D. P., Rodriguez, A. F. R., Ribeiro, R. A., Faria, F. S. E. D. V., Ozório, R. O. A., & Tavares-Dias, M. (2016). Lethal dose and clinical signs of Aeromonas hydrophila in Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), the giant fish from Amazon. Veterinary Microbiology, 188, 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.04.001
Dong, H. T., Nguyen, V. V., Le, H. D., Sangsuriya, P., Jitrakorn, S., Saksmerprome, V., Senapin, S., Rodkhum, C. (2015). Naturally concurrent infections of bacterial and viral pathogens in disease outbreaks in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms. Aquaculture, 448, 427–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.06.027
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Hadfield, C. A. y Clayton, L. A. (2011). Fish quarantine: Current practices in public zoos and aquaria. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 42(4), 641–650. https://doi.org/10.1638/2011-0034.1
Hadiroseyani, Y., Sudrajat, A. O., Yuhana, M. (2009). Identification and control of monogenean parasites on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using salt. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 8(1), 13–22. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jai/article/view/4096
Hoai, T. D. (2020). Reproductive strategies of parasitic flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): The impact on parasite management in aquaculture. Aquaculture International, 28(1), 421–447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00471-6
Hounmanou, Y. M. G., Mdegela, R. H., Dougnon, T. V., Madsen, H., Withey, J. H., Olsen, J. E. Dalsgaard, A. (2019). Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a putative reservoir host for survival and transmission of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor in the aquatic environment. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1215. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01215
Imtiaz, N., Anwar, Z., Waiho, K., Shi, C., Mu, C., Wang, C., Wu, Q. (2023). A review on aquaculture adaptation for fish treatment from antibiotic to vaccine prophylaxis. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 143, 109187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109187
Jansen, M. D., Dong, H. T., Mohan, C. V. (2019). Tilapia lake virus: A threat to the global tilapia industry? Reviews in Aquaculture, 11(3), 725–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12254
Janda, J. M., Duman, M. (2024). Expanding the spectrum of diseases and disease associations caused by Edwardsiella tarda and related species. Microorganisms, 12(5), 1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12051031
Jørgensen, L. G., Puspasari, K., Insariani. (2022). Infection by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. En P. T. K. Woo y K. K. Buchmann (Eds.), Aquaculture Pathophysiology (pp. 493–503). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821339-1.00002-4
MacKinnon, B., Debnath, P. P., Bondad-Reantaso, M. G., Fridman, S., Bin, H., Nekouei, O. (2023). Improving tilapia biosecurity through a value chain approach. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15, 57–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12776
Matthews, R. A. (2005). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet and ichthyophthiriosis in freshwater teleosts. Advances in Parasitology, 59, 159–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(05)59003-1
Miller, R. E., Fowler, M. E. (Eds.). (2012). Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine: Current therapy (Vol. 7). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. 688 pp. ISBN 978-1-4377-1986-4.
Moreira, M., Schrama, D., Farinha, A. P., Cerqueira, M., Raposo de Magalhães, C., Carrilho, R. y Rodrigues, P. (2021). Fish pathology research and diagnosis in aquaculture of farmed fish: A proteomics perspective. Animals, 11(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010125
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Publicado
2026-07-16
Cómo citar
Paredes-Trujillo, A., Hernández-Pérez, A., & Rodríguez-González, A. (2026). Cuarentena y bioseguridad: Primera barrera contra enfermedades en tilapia, 8(15), 32-51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21384888
Número
Sección
Ciencias Naturales, Exactas, del Agro, de la Salud e Ingeniería
Derechos de autor 2026 Amelia Paredes-Trujillo, Ariadne Hernández-Pérez, Abril Rodríguez-González
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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